FLAMES IN GLASS TANK FURNACES, (I)

Overview of Automatic Control of Glass Furnaces

Glass manufacturing clearly represents a challenge for an automation engineer as it is a very complex process with complicated, nonlinear and sometimes not completely understood dynamical behavior. So it is still common that furnaces are controlled by simple controllers such as PID regulators or by manual interventions of furnace operators. As a result, the process may be kept in suboptimal con...

A model for foam formation, stability, and breakdown in glass-melting furnaces.

A dynamic model for describing the build-up and breakdown of a glass-melt foam is presented. The foam height is determined by the gas flux to the glass-melt surface and the drainage rate of the liquid lamellae between the gas bubbles. The drainage rate is determined by the average gas bubble radius and the physical properties of the glass melt: density, viscosity, surface tension, and interfaci...

Mathematical Modelling and Identification of the Flow Dynamics in Molten Glass Furnaces

In the paper a new method for computer aided modelling and identification of flow dynamics in molten glass is presented and numerically analysed. The process of the construction of the model occurs in several steps on which the sub-models with differentiated mathematical descriptions (with distributed or lumped differential equations) and dynamical features (with inertial and oscillatory charac...

Metallurgical Furnaces

Fuels and Furnaces

The subject matter of this paper, if treated in the general sense, covers an extremely wide field to which it is impossible to do justice in the time allocated. It is even difficult to cover the subject adequately if we confine ourselves only to the furnace design of bagasse fired sugar mill boilers. I therefore intend to give a short summary of past and present bagasse furnace designs and cove...